Process of constructing concrete floors and ceilings.



,L F; GOLDING. PROCESS OF GONSTRUGTING CONCRETE FLOORS AND'OEILINGS. APPLICATION FILED s121111, 1912.

7/ 2 .Z u 2F z2 ...-2257., Z 'WW v vTo vall whoml it may concern "UNITED STATES 'PATENT oFFioE.

` i' `.I'oIIN F. GoLIiING, 0F WASHINGTON, DIsTRIcT oir CoLUiviisIii..4

PBQCESS F CONSTRUCTING GON'GQRIE'JTE` FLOORS ANI) CEILINGS."

Be it known that I, JOHN citizen `of lthe United States, residing .at llrashington, in the District of Columbia,

.have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes of vConstructing and lightness of construction.

Concrete Floors and Ceilings, of which the following is a specification.

.This invention .relates to a concrete Hoor Vand ceiling .construction for buildings, in which-,the reformed ceilingslabs are tir-st "used as a false' work or centering for. the

construction of the Hoor, and are= themafter .the completion of the fioor, lowered .or shift- -With sucliobjectsin `view the invention 'consists in thev method of` procedure hereinafter set forth and claimed.

In'- prdier to make the invention more zclearly understood, 1I havelshown in the accompanying.'- drawings means for lcarrying vthe invention iiito'practical effect, without? limiting vmyimprovements, in theiruseful applications,t o the particular constructions A which, for .the sake of example, I have illustrated. Y

In saiddrawings-*Figure 1 is a vertical section of a portion of :atioor and ceiling embodying the invention, 'thenceiling slabs- 'l bein-g shown in position to serve as a false A -of the centering and ceiling slabs, looking at.y

v'work or centering for theconstruction of the. Fig. 2 is a similar view, the slabs hav-v Hoor, ing been lowered into position to form a ceiling.. Fig. 3 is arp'ersp'ectiveview lof one vits under side. Figs. l and-5 are perspective 'views of clips which .may be combined with theconcrete heains'to assist .in supporting the Slabs in their lower position whenthe-y serve :is a ceiling.. Fig. (5 is `a. sectional view showing the invention asappliedfto afconcrete floor supported by beams not ofconcrete. Fig. 7 is a.A sectional 'view showing ceiling slabs of inverted box form'.

Referring to thedrawings, 1 indi 'ates the 4 ceiling slabs, preformed preferably of concrete .reinforced b v expanded ineta'l, wire fabric, or other .suitable means,vas" shown at The slabs may be of various forms and GoLDixo, a

As illustrated, they are formed. w-ithround- --inay be molded with ornamentalunder faces.

ed upper end edges attlto facilitate disen? gagemeiit ffrom the under side of the floor a, and with .rabbets l at Itheir lower end edges to engage with their .supporting-ineans, the shoulders 5 of the rabbets serving also to space apart the side centering boards (i of the beams. on vtheir nnder sides with grooves T to 'be engaged by -the plasteringb.4 'Ifhe'slabs 1 may ,be Aformed of material other .thanconcrete and suitable for ceilings, such as marble, glass' or stampedand ornanieiited sheet metal. The slabs -1 are first arranged as lshownl in Fig. l, between the spaces in which the beanis'are to be formed audaci-oss the space between the beams, and arc then sup- Srecivcation 0f Letters Patent` Patented Feb. 11, 1913. i Application filed Septemberv 11,1912. Serial No. 719,855. Y

The slabs may; also vbe formed ported na suitable manner, preferablyion'I the false work or moldsfor the beams aS indicated. The slabs. laid .side'iby side, extend alongl the beams so as to forni. for the tiine being, a complete false work 4for the concrete floor to be laid. In the case of two- 'way reinforcement where the beams extend cross-wise of each other blocking the Hoor into squares: the false work or boards (3 will be in box-like forni,A supporting the slabs,

and removable from iindei' `the saine; when" the concrete floor has .'sctm It will he vlinderstood that any .suitable t'lal'se work or cei'il tering for the beams or gli-ders may be einployed. Inl addition to the .side boardslt I beam molds ina-v also ybesupported by orat the walls of the building. Between the lower edges of the boards G and the boni-df) shown bottom boards 9 carried on l are left .spaces for tlie-forination of lips 11W along the lower edge of the concrete beams. On these lips are `vcarried the ceiling slabs` when in their lower position. y

'12 indicatesl .strips secured b v nails oi' otherwise to the boards 9 to close the "outer side of the .said spaces for the lips y11.

The beams. shown at. 13. may be reinforced in an)v approved manner. .\t 14a-is shown such a reinforcement consisting of' an ordinary I-beam. and at 15 is shown fbeam reinforcements at -the required disioo tance above the boards 9, before the con- 35y beams.

crete slilled in, by clips or brackets 16 haringv legsfl'l yrestn on said boards and outwardly extending eet,18 which may directly su ort the slabs, as shown at the right .of ig.'2, or ma reinforce the lips 11, as shown at the le t of Figs. 1 and 2. The clips may have flanges 19 which can be.. bent down on 'the reinforcement to properly locate the"`lat'ter in the beam space 1 and give stability to it during the concrete filling operation. But the supports forthe beam reinforcements may be inde endent of the supports for the slabs, and or both of these purposes any suitable devices may be employed. Also, while I have shown the ceiling slabs as supported llushwith the bottoms of the beams to make a tlat ceiling, it will be understood that the slabs may be supported at higher points to make a pan'- 20 elcd ceiling; or the slabs may be hung at lower points than the bottoms of the beams, which may be desirable under roofs when the beams are inclined= and the ceiling is to be horizontal.

My invention is not confined to structures in. which the beams are of' concrete. In Fig. 6 a structurefis'indicated in which the beamsvQO are of steel.

around them is necessary. lTheslabs are 3o temporarily carried to serveas centering for the fioor `by boards or blocks 21 located in'thc reccssesf'of the beams and wedged up 'by wedges 22 to hold the slabs against the.. under sides of the top flanges of the After the floor has been laid the wedges 22 are removed,l releasing the blocks 21, and the slabs are loweredto rest on the lowertianges of the beams.

.In Fig. 7 the ceiling slabs or panels 1 40'are of inverted box form, their sides 23 vvserving as false work at the sides of the beams. After the concrete beams and floor have been laid ands'et the bottom boards 24, 24 are removed and the slabs are lowered to rest on the.'hangers 25. These ,"hangers pass up through notches inthe edge' v of one of the boards 24.and engagethe beamreinforcement, by bent-down arms 26. Feet 2T on the lower ends of the hangers carry the ceiling slabs in their lowered position.

lIn'opcrating my method or rocess of constructlng concrete floors an ceilings,

`the centerings .or false work for the beams; or for the glrders and f beams,- are first erected. I then support the ceiling slabs at the bottom of the space where theconcrete Hoor is tov be laid andbetween the spaces where the concrete beams are to be formed and the beanireinforcements arey drawings. ihenz the. beams are of metalt'inwplace and the on them as de- (Fig. 6) 'they are firstv 85 ceiling .slabs supported.

No false work 1,osa,1a1

scribed.- Sheets 'b ofudpaper or other'suitable material are lai ony the top of the .ceiling slabs 'to revent .the adhesion of the slabs tothe un erside of the floor. I then form the concrete floor a of a suitable thickness of-wet concrete on the sheets b. lVhe'n the 'beams also are to be of concrete they are formed with the floor in the usual manner. Ifthe lips 11 are to bensed to support the ceiling slabs in the finished 7,5 structure said lips are at the same time formed at the desired places o n the. sides 4 of the beams. `=After the concrete has sutlicently set the temporary supports of V the 4ceiling slabs are removed andthe slabs 'ae lowered intoplace on" their final supports toform the ceiling as described.' I anay apply mortar or cement 0n the top surfaces of such filial supports,- as indicatedat c. A suitable metal'reinforcement d,'such as expanded metal, 'is or may be embedded in the floor when it is laid. I then apply a -coat 8 of plaster to the under side of the ceiling. .Owing lto the .evenness of the ceiling and to the fact thatthere are no openings'for the plaster to pass through, a'l minid mum thickness of plasteris sutiicient, which. 'results in a material saving in the cost of construction. I v

Wherrthe floor span is considerable, or the ceiling slabs are thin. 'I may employ ad ditional supports, e, f, for the ceiling slab whilegit'iscarrying the weight ofthe floor. After the ceiling slabs are in' their final position it is only necessary that'theyy be strong enough to carry their own weight.

By the use of a proper false work' under the space where the ceiling slabsare first located,- they may be molded'and preformed of wet :concrete'or cement n az'tu, instead` of being preliminarily cast in molds, and the concrete vfloor, or concrete door and beams, may afterward be laid as already described, on such ceiling slabs.

What I claim isz- 1.' The fprocess. of constructing concrete floors and ceilings, which consists in first supporting preformed ceiling .slabs at the bottom ofthe V-floor and between the oor` beams, then'forming concrete beams anda concrete floor' between the slabs ,and on t'op of the same, then allowing the concrete to set., and'then lowering and supporting the lsaid slabs lat a distance from the door to concrete floor between the slabs and on, top gof. the"same,f.then allowing the concrete to set, then lowering and -supporting the. said slabs at a distance from the door to serve 13o I as ceilin and to form hollow spaces besuch ceiling slabs, then layin a floor of wet` supportin neath the oor, and then'plastering the under side of the ceiling. v Y

3. The process of constructing concrete floors and ceilings which consists in beams, then forming a concrete floor on top of they same, then allowing the'conc'rete to set, and then lowering and supporting the Vsaidl slabs at a distance from the floor to Ifloors .and cei1ings, which consists in first laying and supportingA ceiling slabs of wet.

-concrete at the bottom ofthe space where* the concrete floor is to be laid, then allowing the concrete to set more or less, then applying a separating medium such as waterproof paper over vthe top surface of concrete over such ceiling sla l s, then allowing such concrete floor to set, then lowering said ceiling slabs to form hollow spaces beneath the o'or and supporting them in place to form a ceiling, and thenplastering the under Side of the ceiling.

. 5. The process of constructing concrete 4floors and ceilingshwhich consists-in first.

laying and supporting ceiling slabs of wet4 l firstv preformed ceilingl slabs at the bottom o vthe floor and between the Hoor the concrete floor is to1 be laid. then applying a separating medium such as waterproof paper: over the top surface of such ceiling slabs, then laying a floor of wet concrete over such ceiling slabs'. then allowing such 'concrete floor and ceiling slabsl to set, and then lowering said ceiling slabs to forni hollow spaces beneath the floor and sup' porting them in place tolform a ceiling.-

6. The floors and ceilings, which consists in placing in position side boards at the sides of the hollow space to be formed between the floor and the ceiling and supporting thereon preformed slabs at the bottom of. the floor and between the floor beams, then forming concrete beams and a concrete lflombetween the slabs and on top of the saine, then allowing the concrete to set, and then removing the'side boards and lowering and supporting the said slabs at a distance from the floor to serve as a' ceiling andto forni hollow spa-cesbeneath the floor.

In testimon whereof I aiiix my signature in presence o -two witnesses.

'l JOHN IF. GOLDING.

lVit-nesses l H. N. Low, N. Cnn'ris Lannion).

rocess of constructing concrete 

